Symptoms:

Applying 5.5.51 or higher version patches failed with the below errors -

In the User Console/Logs/Updater.log or Data Platform/logs/Updater.log, you will see the below errors-

2022-04-14 08:41:00,133 0 ERROR Error occurred while executing the SQL script. Script path = D:\BDNA\User Console\Database\SQLServer\Script\NBI_Metadata2041175501.sql
System.IO.FileNotFoundException: Could not load file or assembly 'Microsoft.SqlServer.ConnectionInfo, Version=13.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89845dcd8080cc91' or one of its dependencies. The system cannot find the file specified.
File name: 'Microsoft.SqlServer.ConnectionInfo, Version=13.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89845dcd8080cc91'

3. On the User Console Server or Data Platform Server, the below SQL Server Components are missing from the "Program and Features" list

-- Microsoft SQL Server 2016 Management Objects (x64)
-- Microsoft System CLR Types For SQL Server 2016